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GB 1987-2007: Food additive -- Citric acid
GB 1987-2007
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
GB
ICS 67.220.20
X 41
Replacing GB 1987-1986
Food Additive – Citric Acid
食品添加剂 柠檬酸
ISSUED ON. OCTOBER 29, 2007
IMPLEMENTED ON. JUNE 1, 2008
Jointly Issued by. Standardization Administration of the People's
Republic of China;
General Administration of Quality Supervision,
Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic
of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3 
1 Scope ... 4 
2 Normative References ... 4 
3 Chemical Name, Molecular Formula, Structural Formula and Relative
Molecular Mass ... 5 
4 Classification ... 5 
5 Requirements ... 6 
6 Analysis Methods ... 6 
7 Inspection Rules ... 18 
8 Marking, Packaging, Transportation and Storage ... 19 
Foreword
Physiochemical indices in this standard are not equivalent to those specified in
“Compendium of Food Additive Specifications, Volume 1, Joint FAO/WHO Expert
Committee on Food Additive (JBCFA)”. They refer to those specified in “British
Pharmacopeia” BP-2003 and “United Stated Pharmacopeia” USP-27. In which,
oxalate and sulfated ash indices are stricter than those specified in BP-2003; and
arsenic indices are stricter than those specified in USP-27.
Test methods in this standard refer to those specified in BP-2003, USP-27 and
“Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China” (2000 edition).
This standard replaces GB 1987-1986 “Food Additive - Citric Acid”.
Compared with GB 1987-1986, the main changes of this standard are as follows.
— ADD the physiochemical indices of anhydrous citric acid;
— ADJUST the citric acid monohydrate content range;
— DELETE the barium salt indices;
— ADD the indices for moisture content, light transmittance and water insoluble;
— Test methods are increased or decreased and modified correspondingly with the
change of indices.
This standard was proposed by China National Light Industry Council.
This standard shall be under the jurisdiction of Food Additives of the National
Standardization Technical Committee.
This standard is drafted by China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation
Industries.
Chief drafting staffs of this standard. Zhang Wei, Guo Xinguang, and Kang Yongpu.
The previous editions replaced by this standard are as follows.
— GB 1987-1980, GB 1987-1986.
Food Additive – Citric Acid
1 Scope
This standard specifies classification, requirements, analysis methods, inspection
rules, and marking, packaging, transportation, and storage of citric acid for food
processing.
This standard is applicable to citric acid products made of starchy materials or
sugar-containing materials, and such citric acid is mainly used as sour agent,
anti-oxidation synergist and flavouring agent for food processing.
2 Normative References
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this standard,
constitute provisions of this standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments
(excluding corrigendum) or revisions of these publications do not apply. However, all
parties who have entered into an agreement based on this standard are encouraged
to investigate whether the most recent editions of these standards apply. For undated
references, the latest editions of the normative documents referred to apply.
GB/T 191 Packaging - Pictorial Marking for Handling of Goods (GB/T
191-2000, eqv ISO 780. 1997)
GB/T 601 Chemical Reagent - Preparations of Standard Volumetric
Solutions
GB/T 602 Chemical Reagent – Preparations of Standard Solutions for
Impurity
GB/T 603 Chemical Reagent - Preparations of Reagent Solutions for Use
in Test Methods (GB/T 603-2002, ISO 6353-1. 1982, NEQ)
GB/T 606 Chemical Reagent - General Method for the Determination of
Water - Karl Fischer Method (GB/T 606-2003, ISO 6353-1.
1982, NEQ)
GB/T
5009.11-2003
Determination of Total Arsenic and Abio-arsenic in Food
GB/T 5009.12 Determination of Lead in Foods
GB/T 6682 Water for Analytical Laboratory Use - Specification and Test
6.6.2.5 Hydrogen peroxide solution (3%). pipette 10mL of 30% hydrogen peroxide
and dilute with water to 100mL.
6.6.2.6 Sodium hydroxide solution (300g/L). weigh 30g of sodium hydroxides,
dissolve with water and dilute with water to 100mL.
6.6.2.7 Starch indicating solution (10g/L). prepare according to GB/T 603.
6.6.2.8 Ferric chloride.
6.6.2.9 Cobalt chloride.
6.6.2.10 Yellow stock solution
Weigh 46g of ferric trichloride (6.6.2.8); dissolve in about 900mL of hydrochloric acid
solution (6.6.2.1); dilute with such hydrochloric acid solution to 1000mL. In calibration,
adjust the yellow stock solution with hydrochloric acid solution (6.6.2.1), so as to make
that 1mL of such yellow stock solution contains 46mg of FeCl3·6H2O. Solution shall be
protected from light and calibrated for immediate use.
Calibration. pipette 10mL of the newly-prepared ferric trichloride solution; add 15mL of
water, 4g of potassium iodide (6.6.2.2), and 5mL of hydrochloric acid solution (6.6.2.1);
plug the bottle cap immediately and stand still from light for 15min; add 100mL of
water; titrate the iodine precipitated out with standard volumetric solution of sodium
thiosulfate (6.6.2.4) until to pale yellow; add 0.5mL of starch indicating solution
(6.6.2.7); titrate continuously until to endpoint.
Note. 1mL of 0.1mol/L standard volumetric solution of sodium thiosulfate is equivalent to
27.03mg of FeCl3•6H2O.
6.6.2.11 Red stock solution
Weigh 60g of cobalt chloride (6.6.2.9); dissolve in about 900mL of hydrochloric acid
solution (6.6.2.1); dilute with such hydrochloric acid solution to 1000mL. In calibration,
adjust the red stock solution with hydrochloric acid solution (6.6.2.1), so as to make
that 1mL of such red stock solution contains 59.5mg of CoCl2·6H2O. Solution shall be
protected from light and calibrated for immediate use.
Calibration. pipette 5.0mL of the newly-prepared cobalt chloride solution; add 5mL of
hydrogen peroxide solution (6.6.2.5) and 10mL of sodium hydroxide solution (6.6.2.6);
boil slowly for 10min and cool down. Add 2g of potassium iodide (6.6.2.2) additionally,
and 60mL of sulfuric acid solution (6.6.2.3); plug the bottle cap immediately. Shake
gently to dissolve precipitates; titrate the iodine precipitated out with standard
volumetric solution of sodium thiosulfate (6.6.2.4) until to be pale yellow; add 0.5mL of
starch indicating solution (6.6.2.7); titrate continuously until the solution appears in
pink.
Take two 50mL colorimetric tubes with stopper; add 1 mL of barium chloride solution
(6.9.2.2) respectively; add 1mL of sulfate standard solution; shake and stand still for
1min. Pipette 15mL of sample solution into one of the colorimetric tube; pipette 10mL
of sulfate standard solution and 5 mL of water (standard tube) into the other
colorimetric tube; then respectively add 1 mL of hydrochloric acid solution (6.9.2.1)
and 0.5 mL of acetic acid solution (6.9.2.4); shake them up; after 5min, the milk scale
of sample tube shall not be darker than that of standard tube.
For anhydrous citric acid. It shall use sulfate standard solution II (6.9.2.6). for citric
acid monohydrate, it shall use sulfate standard solution III (6.9.2.7).
6.10 Oxalate
6.10.1 Apparatuses
6.10.1.1 Colorimetric tube with stopper. 25mL.
6.10.1.2 Test tube. 15mm×180mm.
6.10.2 Reagents and solutions
6.10.2.1 Hydrochloric acid.
6.10.2.2 Phenylhydrazine hydrochloride solution (10g/L). prepare a...