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GB 50009-2012: Load code for the design of building structures
GB 50009-2012
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
UDC
P GB 50009-2012
Load Code for the Design of Building Structures
ISSUED ON: MAY 28, 2012
IMPLEMENTED ON: OCTOBER 1, 2012
Issued by: Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Construction of the People’s Republic
of China;
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine
of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
1 General Provisions ... 8
2 Terms and Symbols ... 9
2.1 Terms ... 9
2.2 Symbols ... 11
3 Classification and Combination of Loads ... 15
3.1 Classification of Loads and Representative Values of Loads ... 15
3.2 Combination of Loads ... 15
4 Permanent Load ... 20
5 Live Load on Floors and Roofs ... 21
5.1 Uniformly Distributed Live Loads on Floors in Civil Buildings ... 21
5.2 Live Loads on Floors in Industrial Buildings ... 23
5.3 Live Loads on Roofs ... 24
5.4 Ash Load on Roofs ... 25
5.5 Construction and Maintenance Loads, Horizontal and Vertical Loads on Railings ... 26
5.6 Dynamic Coefficient ... 27
6 Crane Load ... 28
6.1 Vertical and Horizontal Crane Loads ... 28
6.2 Combination of Multi-cranes ... 28
6.3 Dynamic Coefficients of Crane Loads ... 29
6.4 Combination Value, Frequent Value and Quasi-permanent Value of Crane Load ... 29
7 Snow Load ... 30
7.1 Characteristic Value of Snow Load and Reference Snow Pressure ... 30
7.2 Distribution Factor for Roof Snow Load ... 30
8 Wind Load ... 34
8.1 Characteristic Value of Wind Load and Reference Wind Pressure ... 34
8.2 Exposure Factor for Wind Pressure ... 35
8.3 Shape Factor of Wind Load ... 36
8.4 Along-wind Vibration and Dynamic Response Factor ... 57
8.5 Across-wind and Wind-induced Torsional Vibration ... 59
8.6 Gust Factor ... 61
9 Thermal Action ... 62
9.1 General Requirements ... 62
9.2 Reference Air Temperature ... 62
9.3 Uniform Temperature Action... 63
10 Accidental Load ... 64
10.1 General Requirements ... 64
10.2 Explosion ... 64
10.3 Impact ... 65
Appendix A Self-weight of Commonly Used Materials and Members ... 66
Appendix B Reduction Factor of Fire Engine Load Accounting for the Influence of Covered
Soil ... 78
Appendix C Determination Method of Equivalent Uniformly Distributed Live Loads on
Floors ... 79
Appendix D Live Loads on Floors of Industrial Buildings ... 83
Appendix E Determination Method of Reference Snow Pressure, Wind Pressure and
Temperature ... 88
Appendix F Empirical Formula for Fundamental Natural Period of Structures ... 118
F.1 High-rise Structures ... 118
F.2 Tall Buildings ... 120
Appendix G Approximate Vibration Mode Shape of Structures ... 121
Appendix H Equivalent Wind Load for Across-wind and Torsional Vibration ... 123
H.1 Equivalent Wind Load for Across-wind Vibration of Structures of Circular Section ... 123
H.2 Equivalent Wind Load for Across-wind Vibration of Structures of Rectangular Section . 124
H.3 Equivalent Wind Load for Torsional Vibration of Structures of Rectangular Section ... 129
Appendix J Acceleration of Wind Induced Along-wind and Across-wind Vibration for Tall
Buildings ... 131
J.1 Calculation of Acceleration of Along-wind Vibration ... 131
J.2 Calculation of Acceleration of Across-wind Vibration ... 132
Explanation of Wording in this Code ... 134
List of Quoted Standards ... 135
1 General Provisions
1.0.1 This code is formulated with a view to adapting the need of the building structure design and
meeting the requirements of safety and usability, economy and rationality.
1.0.2 This code is applicable to the structural design of building engineering.
1.0.3 This code is formulated in accordance with the basic principles specified in the national
standard “Unified Standard for Reliability Design of Engineering Structures” GB 50153−2008.
1.0.4 The actions concerned in the building structure design shall cover direct action (load) and
indirect action. This code only specifies load and thermal action, and the provisions for the relevant
variable load are also applicable to the thermal action.
1.0.5 The loads concerned in the building structure design shall not only comply with this code, but
also those in the current relevant ones of the nation.
3 Classification and Combination of Loads
3.1 Classification of Loads and Representative Values of Loads
3.1.1 The loads of the building structures may be classified into:
1 Permanent load, including structure self-weight, soil pressure, prestress, etc..
2 Variable load, including live load on floor, live load on roof and ash load, crane load, wind
load, snow load, thermal action, etc..
3 Accidental load, including explosive force, impact force, etc..
3.1.2 In the design of building structures, the different loads shall adopt different representative
values according to the following requirements:
1 For permanent load, the characteristic value shall be its representative value;
2 For variable load, the characteristic value, combination value, frequent value or quasi-
permanent value shall be its representative value according to the design requirements;
3 For accidental load, its representative value shall be determined according to the use
characteristics of the building structures.
3.1.3 The determination of the representative value of variable load shall adopt 50-yeardesign
reference period.
3.1.4 The characteristic values of loads shall be adopted according to the requirements of each
chapter of this code.
3.1.5 In the design of limit state of bearing capacity or the design of limit state of normal use
according to the characteristic combination, for variable load, the combination value or characteristic
value shall be its representative value according to the specified load combination. The combination
value of variable load shall be the characteristic value of variable load multiplied by the load combination
value coefficient.
3.1.6 In the design of limit state of normal use according to frequent combination, for variable load,
the frequent value or quasi-permanent value shall be its representative value; in the design according
to quasi-permanent combination, the quasi-permanent value of variable load shall be its representative
value. The frequent value of variable load shall be the characteristic value of variable load multiplied
by the frequent value coefficient. The quasi-permanent value of variable load shall be the characteristic
value of variable load multiplied by the quasi-permanent value coefficient.
3.2 Combination of Loads
3.2.1 In the design of the building structures, load combination shall be carried out according to the
limit state of bearing capacity and the limit state of normal use respectively based on the loads possibly
emerging simultaneously on the structure during the use process, and the respective most unfavorable
combination shall be taken for design.
3.2.2 For the limit state of bearing capacity, the effect design value of load combination shall be
7 Snow Load
7.1 Characteristic Value of Snow Load and Reference Snow Pressure
7.1.1 The characteristic value of snow load on roofs in horizontal projection plane shall be
calculated according to the following formula:
Sk=μrs0 (7.1.1)
Where Sk——The characteristic value of snow load (kN/m2);
μr——The distribution factor for roof snow load;
s0——The reference snow pressure (kN/m2).
7.1.2 The reference snow pressure shall adopt the snow pressure with 50-year recurrence
interval, which is de...