GB/T 35528-2017 English PDF (GBT35528-2017)

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GB/T 35528-2017: Safety guidelines for cryogenic liquefied gases
GB/T 35528-2017
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 77.100.20
G 86
Safety guidelines for cryogenic liquefied gases
ISSUED ON: DECEMBER 29, 2017
IMPLEMENTED ON: JULY 01, 2018
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of the People's Republic of China;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 4 
1 Scope ... 5 
2 Normative references ... 5 
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations ... 7 
3.1 Terms and definitions ... 7 
3.2 Abbreviations ... 9 
4 General ... 10 
4.1 Establishment approval ... 10 
4.2 Safety review ... 10 
4.3 Safety protection system ... 10 
4.4 Alarm system ... 10 
4.5 Safety certificate ... 11 
4.6 Operating procedures ... 11 
4.7 Safety training ... 11 
4.8 Safety inspection ... 12 
5 Design safety ... 12 
5.1 Design qualification ... 12 
5.2 Principles for the use of new technologies... 12 
5.3 Principle to avoid accident resulted from human error ... 13 
5.4 Principle to avoid chain reaction accident ... 13 
5.5 Risk assessment ... 13 
5.6 Material selection ... 13 
5.7 Safety distance ... 13 
6 Filling and storage safety ... 14 
6.1 Containers for filling and storage ... 14 
6.2 Stationary cryogenic liquid filling and storage system ... 14 
6.3 Mobile cryogenic liquid storage system ... 16 
6.4 Mobile cryogenic container safe filling technology ... 18 
7 Transport safety ... 21 
7.1 On-site short-distance transportation ... 21 
7.2 General requirements for long-distance transport and intermodal transport of goods 21 
7.3 Rail transport ... 23 
7.4 Road transport ... 24 
7.5 Waterway transportation ... 25 
7.6 Air freight ... 26 
8 Safety on use ... 30 
8.1 Code for safe operation of liquid flammable gases ... 30 
8.2 Specification for safe operation of liquid oxygen ... 32 
8.3 Specifications for safe operation of liquid inert gases ... 35 
9 Fire safety ... 38 
9.1 General ... 38 
9.2 General firefighting measures ... 40 
9.3 Firefighting measures for hydrogen fires ... 42 
9.4 Fire-fighting measures for methane fires ... 43 
9.5 Firefighting measures for oxygen fire ... 43 
9.6 Firefighting measures for inert cryogenic liquid fires ... 44 
10 Personal safety protection ... 45 
10.1 Labor protection articles ... 45 
10.2 Occupational injury prevention ... 46 
10.3 On-site first aid ... 47 
Annex A (informative) Safety characteristics of cryogenic liquefied gas commonly used
in industry ... 50 
A.1 Main physical and thermophysical properties of cryogenic liquefied gases commonly
used in industry ... 50 
A.2 Hazard classification of common industrial liquefied gases ... 52 
A.3 Product name number of gas dangerous goods ... 53 
A.4 Safety hazards of cryogenic liquefied gas ... 53 
Annex B (informative) International chemical safety card (ICSC) ... 56 
B.1 Liquid hydrogen ... 56 
B.2 Liquid oxygen ... 58 
B.3 Liquid nitrogen ... 60 
B.4 Liquid methane ... 61 
B.5 Liquid helium ... 64 
B.6 Liquid neon ... 65 
B.7 Liquid argon ... 67 
B.8 Liquid krypton ... 69 
Annex C (informative) Low temperature properties of materials ... 71 
Bibliography ... 73 
Safety guidelines for cryogenic liquefied gases
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the basic requirements closely related to safety in the process
of (device) design, filling, storage, transportation and use of commonly used cryogenic
liquefied gases.
This Standard applies to common industrial gases that are transported and stored in
cryogenic liquid form, that is, cryogenic liquefaction products of hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen, helium, neon, argon, krypton and methane.
This Standard does not apply to the production process of various common industrial
gases and their liquefied products.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 150.1, Pressure Containers - Part 1: General Requirements
GB/T 191, Packaging and storage marks
GB/T 4387, Safety regulation for railway and road transportation in plants of
industrial enterprises
GB/T 5458, Liquid nitrogen biological container
GB 7258, Technical specifications for safety of power-driven vehicles operating on
roads
GB 8958, Safety regulation for working under hazardous condition of the oxygen
deficiency
GB 8965.1, Protective clothing - Flame retardant protective clothing
GB/T 10478, Railway tank car for liquefied gases
GB 12014, Protective clothing - Static protective clothing
GB 12158, General guideline for preventing electrostatic accidents
3.1.8 risk assessment
At the beginning of the design, an evaluation of the expected use of the device and
equipment after a certain period of time and the possible failure modes under various
operating conditions.
3.1.9 loss of vacuum
A failure that for different cryogenic liquid containers adopting vacuum jacket
insulation, the leakage rate of vacuum interlayer is greater than the requirements of
GB/T 18442 or GB/T 24159, so that the degree of vacuum gradually decreases, and the
thermal insulation performance gradually deteriorates.
3.1.10 violent boiling
Sudden violent boiling of a frozen liquid with splashing of the liquid.
3.1.11 maximum allowable filling volume
That is, the design storage capacity of the stationary pressure container and the
maximum allowable filling capacity of the mobile pressure container.
3.1.12 vent pipe
A pipeline with a certain height that can directly discharge gas into the atmosphere.
3.1.13 flame arrester
A safety device to prevent flashback of flammable gases.
3.1.14 confined space
Confined space with known or potentially hazardous and limited access structures.
3.1.15 buddy system
A safety measure in which one person performs necessary tasks in a dangerous
operating environment, while another person observes and monitors in a safe area and
is ready to carry out timely rescue at any time.
3.1.16 backflow
Specifically refers to the phenomenon of air diffusion into cryogenic liquefied gas
containers or equipment.
3.1.17 detonation
An exothermic chemical reaction accompanied by a shock wave in which an explosive
mixture or medium travels at supersonic speeds.
3.1.18 sensitivity to impact
The degree of susceptibility to detonation of an explosive mixture or medium by
mechanical shock.
3.1.19 cryogenic contact injury
Cold burns similar to thermal burns to skin tissue or eyes due to exposure to cryogenic
liquids or cold vapors on exposed parts of the body.
3.1.20 oxygen deficiency atmosphere
A state where the oxygen content in the workplace air is less than 19.5%.
3.1.21 asphyxia caused by inhalation of hypoxic air
A pathological state that due to the lack of oxygen in the air, the breathing process of
the human body is blocked or abnormal, resulting in tissue and cell metabolism
disorders, functional disorders and morphological and structural damage caused by
oxygen deficiency and carbon dioxide retention in various organs and tissues
throughout the body.
3.1.22 respiratory protective equipment
Protective equipment to prevent oxygen-deficient air and air pollutants from entering
t...