QC/T 1173-2022 English PDF (QCT1173-2022)

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QC/T 1173-2022: Road vehicles - Spark-plugs application test methods
QC/T 1173-2022
QC
AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY STANDARD
OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.060.50
CCS T 37
Road vehicles - Spark-plugs application test methods
ISSUED ON: APRIL 08, 2022
IMPLEMENTED ON: OCTOBER 01, 2022
Issued by: Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of PRC
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 6
1 Scope ... 7
2 Normative references ... 7
3 Terms and definitions ... 7
4 Test method ... 10
Road vehicles - Spark-plugs application test methods
1 Scope
This document specifies the application test method for spark plugs of spark ignition
engines of road vehicles.
This document applies to ignition engine spark plugs.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute the essential provisions of this
document through normative references in the text. Among them, for dated references,
only the version corresponding to the date is applicable to this document; for undated
references, the latest version (including all amendments) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 6791 Road vehicles - Spark-plugs and their cylinder head housing - Basic
characteristics and dimensions
GB/T 18297 Performance test code for road vehicle engines
QC/T 430 Road vehicles Editorial nominating method for the type designation of
spark-plugs
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
Heat-rating value
A number used to indicate the heat dissipation capacity of the spark plug.
Note: Refer to QC/T 430, the larger the number, the higher the heat-rating value, and the
stronger the heat dissipation capacity of the spark plug.
3.2
Ignition angle
The engine crank angle (crank angle) corresponding to the ignition moment.
3.9
Available voltage of ignition coil
The secondary output voltage of the ignition coil, which is measured under the
condition that the secondary of the ignition coil is connected to a specific load
capacitance in open circuit.
4 Test method
4.1 Basic ignition performance test
4.1.1 Purpose of the test
Select the structural features of the ignition end of the spark plug, such as ignition
position, electrode structure, etc., through texts.
4.1.2 Test sample
The test sample shall meet the requirements of the engine performance test.
4.1.3 Test equipment
The test equipment shall comply with the engine performance bench, which is specified
in GB/T 18297.
4.1.4 Test procedure and method
4.1.4.1 Define the type of parameters to be measured in the test, such as power, torque,
fuel consumption, etc., as well as the sequence of the spark plug test.
4.1.4.2 Check the status of the engine and bench system; confirm that the correct fuel
is used.
4.1.4.3 Install the spark plug correctly, according to the torque specified in GB/T 6791.
Start the engine, after confirming that the ignition system is connected normally.
4.1.4.4 Measure the defined engine-related performance parameters.
4.1.5 Evaluation of test results
Compare the data obtained using spark plugs with different structural features to
determine the appropriate spark plug firing tip structural features.
4.2 Electrode temperature measurement test
4.2.1 Purpose of the test
4.2.4.4 During the test, it should gradually increase the engine speed with 500 r/min as
an increment. Start monitoring the electrode temperature, after the engine runs stably
for 2 minutes at each speed point. Keep monitoring for 1 minute. Record the maximum
electrode temperature at each speed condition.
4.2.4.5 The measurement points shall include the working condition points that have a
significant impact on the electrode temperature, such as the maximum torque point and
maximum power point of the engine.
4.2.4.6 For each working condition point, it shall record the ignition angle, air-fuel ratio,
power, torque of the engine.
4.2.4.7 Shut down after the first cylinder test.
4.2.4.8 Replace the temperature measuring spark plugs to the remaining cylinders, in
sequence. Repeat the test steps from 4.2.4.3 to 4.2.4.7 above.
4.2.4.9 If the side electrode temperature measuring spark plug is used, special methods
(such as changing the thickness of the outer gasket) shall be used, to make the
orientation of the side electrode of the spark plug relatively consistent, after being
installed on each cylinder.
4.2.4.10 When conditions permit, multiple temperature-measuring spark plugs can also
be used, to conduct electrode temperature-measuring tests on all cylinders at the same
time.
4.2.4.11 After the electrode temperature test on each cylinder, compare the electrode
temperature at each measurement point on all cylinders, to find out the cylinder with
the highest electrode temperature.
4.2.4.12 Test the electrode temperature under partial load conditions for the cylinder,
which has the highest electrode temperature.
4.2.5 Evaluation of test results
According to the test results, determine the cylinder and working condition point with
the highest electrode temperature.
4.3 Ionic current test
4.3.1 Test purpose
Confirm that the heat-rating value of the recommended spark plug matches the engine.
4.3.2 Test sample
Spark plugs with a recommended heat-rating value, spark plugs with a higher heat-
rating value than the recommended heat-rating value, spark plugs with a lower heat-
Let the engine run stably for 2 minutes, at each speed point. Continuously monitor the
number of post-ignitions or pre-ignition conditions for 2 min, under knocking open-
loop control conditions. Record the number of post-ignitions or pre-ignition conditions.
If pre-ignition is detected, the test is terminated.
4.3.4.4 The measurement points shall include the working condition points, which have
important influence on self-ignition, such as the maximum torque point and maximum
power point of the engine.
4.3.4.5 At each operating point, it shall record the ignition angle, air-fuel ratio, power,
torque of the engine.
4.3.4.6 If necessary, the ignition angle and engine load may be properly adjusted, at
certain working conditions, then monitor the post-ignition or pre-ignition working
conditions again, after the working conditions have been adjusted.
4.3.4.7 Shut down after the ionic current test is over.
4.3.4.8 Replace the test sample with a spark plug with a lower heat-rating value than
the recommended. Then repeat the above test steps from 4.3.4.3 to 4.3.4.7.
4.3.5 Evaluation of test results
Under the test conditions of the initial ignition angle, it can be confirmed that the heat-
rating value of the recommended spark plug matches the engine, if any of the following
items are met:
- When judging by the post-ignition rate, the spark plug's post-ignition rate of the
recommended heat-rating value shall not be greater than 40%;
- When judging by the pre-ignition working condition, the spark plug with at least
one heat-rating value grade lower than the recommended heat-rating value shall
not have pre-ignition.
4.4 Ignition voltage test
4.4.1 Test purpose
Confirm the matching of spark plug's required ignition voltage and coil supply voltage.
4.4.2 Test sample
Spark plugs or equivalent spark plugs, that have passed the specified durability test.
Note: There shall be no visible deposits on the firing end of the spark plug.
4.4.3 Test equipment