GB/T 36015-2018 English PDF (GBT36015-2018)

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GB/T 36015-2018: Non-destructive testing instruments -- Performance and testing rules of industrial digital X-ray imaging system
GB/T 36015-2018
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 19.100
N 78
Non-destructive testing instruments – Performance and
testing rules of industrial digital X-ray imaging system
ISSUED ON: MARCH 15, 2018
IMPLEMENTED ON: OCTOBER 1, 2018
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of the People's Republic of China;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative references ... 4
3 Terms and definitions ... 5
4 Principle ... 6
5 Equipment requirements ... 6
6 Test procedure ... 9
7 Inspection rules ... 11
8 Marking, packaging, transportation and storage ... 13
Annex A (Normative) Test method of system resolution ... 15
Annex B (Normative) IQI sensitivity test ... 18
Non-destructive testing instruments – Performance and
testing rules of industrial digital X-ray imaging system
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the principle, equipment requirements, test procedure, testing
rules, marking, packaging, transportation and storage of industrial digital X-ray imaging
systems.
This Standard applies to industrial digital X-ray imaging systems for testing metallic
materials and non-metallic materials.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition dated applies to this document. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced documents (including all
amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 191, Packaging – Pictorial marking for handling of goods
GB/T 12604.2, Non-destructive testing – Terminology – Terms used in
radiographic testing
GB/T 13384, General specifications for packing of mechanical and electrical
product
GB/T 17618, Information technology equipment – Immunity characteristics –
Limits and methods of measurement
GB 18871, Basic standards for protection against ionizing radiation and for the
safety of radiation sources
GB/T 25480, Basic environmental conditions and testing methods for
transportation and storage of instruments
GB/T 26837-2011, Non-destructive testing instruments – Stationary type and
movable type industrial X-ray radiographic equipment
JB/T 7902-2015, Non-destructive testing – Specification for wire-type image
protection facilities.
3.7
high voltage ripple coefficient
Peak value of alternating components in high voltage generated by X-ray system.
NOTE: Ripple coefficient = ripple voltage/output voltage.
3.8
system total unsharpness
NOTE: The smaller the unsharpness is, the clearer the details are, which is expressed
in mm.
3.9
image SNR
Ratio of statistical standard deviations of average signals to signals of the zone in some
zone of test images.
3.10
sensitivity of IQI
Percentage of the diameter of IQI identifiable finest wire to the thickness of object to
be tested in the central zone of images.
4 Principle
4.1 Photovoltaic conversion
The process in which X-ray is received by a receiving-conversion device and converted
into electrical signals.
4.2 Analog-digital conversion
The process in which analog signals are converted into digital signals.
5 Equipment requirements
5.1 General
5.3.3 System image grade shall not be lower than 256.
5.4 Computer systems
5.4.1 Computer configuration
Desktop computers, image workstations or notebook computers are preferably used;
for poor working environment, industrial personal computers can be used.
5.4.2 CRT monitor
CRT monitors are preferably used, whose dot pitch is not greater than 0.26 mm and
refresh rate is greater than 75 Hz.
5.4.3 Image storage
5.4.3.1 Stored digital images shall include work piece number, image name,
transmission thickness, technological parameter, date and other effective information
and shall not be modified. Necessary information can be displayed along with images.
5.4.3.2 Images shall not be modified or deleted after storage; storage devices for a
long term storage are preferably used.
5.4.3.3 Original, unprocessed data shall be stored in image storage.
5.4.4 Image processing software
5.4.4.1 It shall meet the technical standards specified for products to be tested.
5.4.4.2 It shall include image acquisition modules, image processing modules and
image display modules; other functional modules such as image auxiliary evaluation
and database management, are recommended to be added as required by actual test.
5.4.4.3 It shall have image geometrical dimensions and measurement and defect
positioning functions.
5.5 System requirements
5.5.1 Resolution
The system resolution of X-ray digital imaging devices shall be better than 1.5 LP/mm;
the resolution test method shall be as specified in Annex A.
5.5.2 Sensitivity of IQI
The sensitivity of IQI shall be better than 2.0%; the IQI sensitivity test method shall be
as specified in Annex B.
6.4.1 Geometrical amplification
In accordance with the relationships between the relative positions of X-ray generator
(source), work piece to be tested and X-ray receiving-conversion device, see equation
(1) for the geometrical amplification factor:
where,
M – the geometrical amplification factor;
L1 – the distance from the focus of X-ray generator to the surface of work piece to be
tested;
L2 – the distance from the surface of work piece to be tested to the surface of ray
receiving-conversion device.
6.4.2 Selection of amplification factor M
For the optimum amplification factor see equation (2):
where,
Mopt – the optimum amplification factor;
U – the inherent system unsharpness;
d – the focus size.
6.5 Image quality
6.5.1 Test method
Use metal wire IQI to test image quality.
6.5.2 Sensitivity of IQI
Use the minimum identifiable wire diameter of geometric metal wire IQI to evaluate test
sensitivity.
6.5.3 Improving image quality
The method for improvement of image quality include:
8 Marking, packaging, transportation and storage
8.1 Marking
Nameplate shall include:
a) type specifications and product name;
b) major technical parameters;
c) manufacturer name, address and trademark;
d) data and number of production;
e) mark of conformity.
8.2 Packaging
8.2.1 Systems shall be provided with composite packaging, as specified in GB/T 13384.
8.2.2 The words and marks on the wall of packaging boxes shall be legible and
indelible which shall not be blurred because of rubbing in handling or rain. The content
shall include at least:
a) manufacturer name;
b) product name and type specifications;
c) name and address of receiver, and name and address of shipper;
d) packaging volume (L×W×H);
e) packaging boxes shall be marked with the words such as “upward”, “”fragile”,
“keep dry” and “do not roll”, or the words or symbols for packaging, transportation
and storage specified in GB/T 191;
f) number and name of product standards implemented.
8.2.3 Packaging boxes shall enclose the following accompanying documents:
a) packing list;
b) conformity certificate;
c) instruction manual;
d) list of accessory (spare) parts attached.
order to obtain the corresponding resolution values; Table A.1 lists the corresponding
resolution values. For example, during determination, the position of the line pair,
where it just starts to be incapable of distinguishi...