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GB 1351-2023: Wheat
GB 1351-2023
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 67.060
CCS B 22
Replacing GB 1351-2008
Wheat
ISSUED ON: MAY 23, 2023
IMPLEMENTED ON: DECEMBER 01, 2023
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative references ... 4
3 Terms and definitions ... 5
4 Classification ... 6
5 Quality requirements ... 7
6 Inspection methods ... 7
7 Inspection rules ... 7
8 Labelling ... 8
9 Packaging, storage and transportation ... 8
Wheat
1 Scope
This document specifies the terms and definitions, classification, quality requirements,
inspection methods, inspection rules, labelling, packaging, storage and transportation
requirements for wheat.
This document applies to the acquisition, storage, transportation, processing and sale of
commercial wheat.
This document does not apply to special varieties of wheat other than those classified
in Chapter 4.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB 5009.3, National food safety standard -- Determination of moisture in food
GB/T 5490, Inspection of grain and oils -- General rules
GB/T 5491, Inspection of grain and oilseeds. Methods for sampling and sample
reduction
GB/T 5492, Inspection of grain and oils -- Identification of colour, odor and taste of
grain and oilseeds
GB/T 5493, Inspection of grain and oils -- Determination of type purity and their
mixture
GB/T 5494-2019, Inspection of grain and oils -- Determination of foreign matter
and unsound kernels of grain and oilseeds
GB/T 5497, Inspection of grain and oilseeds. Methods for determination of moisture
content
GB/T 5498, Inspection of grain and oils -- Determination of test weight
GB/T 21304, Determination of wheat hardness -- Hardness index method
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 test weight
The mass of wheat grains per unit volume.
NOTE: Expressed in grams per liter (g/L).
3.2 defected kernel
Wheat kernels that are damaged but still usable.
NOTE 1: Including insect-bored kernels, diseased kernels, heat-damaged kernels, broken kernels,
sprouted kernels and moldy kernels.
NOTE 2: Insect-bored kernels are kernels that have been damaged by insects, with the embryo or
endosperm damaged.
NOTE 3: Diseased kernels (mottled kernels) refer to kernels with disease spots on the surface,
which damage the embryo or endosperm; diseased kernels include black point kernels and fusarium
damaged kernels. Black point kernels refer to kernels with obvious dark brown or black seed coats
in the embryo or other parts, which damage the embryo or endosperm. Fusarium damaged kernels
refer to kernels that are wrinkled, dull white, or have purple kernels, or have obvious pink moldy
substances, with black ascocarps in between.
NOTE 4: Heat-damaged kernels refer to kernels that have changed their normal color or been
damaged due to heat generation or heat exposure caused by microorganisms or other reasons.
NOTE 5: Broken kernels are kernels that are crushed, broken, or have damaged embryo or
endosperm.
NOTE 6: Sprouted kernels are kernels whose seed coat has ruptured at the embryonic part although
the bud or rootlet has not yet broken through the seed coat, or whose bud or rootlet has broken
through the seed coat but does not exceed the length of the kernel itself.
NOTE 7: Mouldy kernels refer to kernels that are moldy.
3.3 impurities; useless material
Other materials other than wheat, and wheat of no use value.
NOTE 1: Including screenings, inorganic impurities and organic impurities.
NOTE 2: Screenings refer to the material that passes through a sieve with a round hole of 1.5 mm
in diameter.
NOTE 3: Inorganic impurities refer to soil, sand, gravel, bricks and tiles and other inorganic
substances.
NOTE 4: Organic impurities refer to foreign grains, wheat of no use value and other organic
substances other than wheat.
NOTE 5: Wheat with no use value refers to grains that cannot be used as wheat raw materials,
including: wheat that has completely changed color and deteriorated, wheat with sprouts longer than
the length of the grain, wheat with nematode disease, wheat with bunt disease, etc.
3.4 color and brightness
The colour and luster of a batch of wheat under specified conditions.
3.5 odor
The smell of a batch of wheat under specified conditions.
3.6 wheat hardness
The ability of wheat kernels to resist deformation and breakage under external forces.
3.7 wheat hardness index
The wheat sample is crushed under specified conditions. The wheat hardness index
refers to the mass fraction of the sample retained on the sieve.
NOTE: Expressed by HI.
4 Classification
Wheat is classified by kernel hardness and seed coat color as follows:
a) Hard white wheat: wheat with a seed coat of not less than 90% white or yellowish-
white and a wheat hardness index of not less than 60;
b) Hard red wheat: wheat with a seed coat of not less than 90% dark red or reddish
brown and a wheat hardness index of not less than 60;
c) Soft white wheat: wheat with a seed coat of not less than 90% white or yellowish-
white, and a wheat hardness index of not more than 45;
d) Soft red wheat: wheat with a seed coat of not less than 90% dark red or reddish
brown and a wheat hardness index of not more than 45;
e) Mixed wheat: wheat that does not meet the requirements of a) to d).
NOTE: Wheat with seed coats of purple, black, and other colors is a special variety of wheat.