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GB 38031-2020: Electric vehicles traction battery safety requirements
GB 38031-2020
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.080
T 47
Replacing GB/T 31485-2015, GB/T 31467.3-2015
Electric Vehicles Traction Battery Safety requirements
ISSUED ON: MAY 12, 2020
IMPLEMENTED ON: JANUARY 1, 2021
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3 
Introduction ... 6 
1 Scope ... 7 
2 Normative References ... 7 
3 Terms and Definitions ... 7 
4 Abbreviations and Symbols ... 10 
4.1 Abbreviations ... 10 
4.2 Symbols ... 10 
5 Safety Requirements ... 10 
5.1 Safety Requirements of Secondary Cell ... 10 
5.2 Safety Requirements of Battery Pack or System ... 11 
6 Test Conditions ... 12 
6.1 General Conditions ... 12 
6.2 Accuracy of Measuring Instruments and Meters ... 14 
6.3 Test Process Error ... 14 
6.4 Data Recording and Recording Interval ... 14 
7 Test Preparation ... 14 
7.1 Test preparation of secondary cell ... 14 
7.2 Test Preparation of Battery Pack or System ... 15 
8 Test Methods ... 16 
8.1 Safety Test Method for Secondary Cell ... 16 
8.2 Safety Test Method for Battery Pack or System ... 19 
9 Implementation Date ... 36 
Appendix A (Informative) Typical Structure of Battery Pack or System ... 38 
Appendix B (Normative) Insulation Resistance Test Method of Battery Pack or
System ... 41 
Appendix C (Normative) Thermal Propagation Occupant Protection Analysis
and Verification Report ... 44 
Bibliography ... 50 
Electric Vehicles Traction Battery Safety
Requirements
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the safety requirements and test methods for secondary cells,
battery packs or systems of traction battery (hereinafter referred to as battery) for
electric vehicles.
This Standard is applicable to rechargeable energy storage devices for electric
vehicles, such as: li-ion battery and nickel-metal hydride battery.
2 Normative References
The following documents are indispensable to the application of this document. In
terms of references with a specified date, only versions with a specified date are
applicable to this document. In terms of references without a specified date, the latest
version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 2423.4 Environmental Testing for Electric and Electronic Products - Part 2: Test
Method - Test Db: Damp Heat, Cyclic (12 h + 12 h cycle)
GB/T 2423.17 Environmental Testing for Electric and Electronic Products - Part 2: Test
Method - Test Ka: Salt Mist
GB/T 2423.43 Environmental Testing for Electric and Electronic Products - Part 2: Test
Methods - Mounting of Specimens for Vibration Impact and Similar Dynamic Tests
GB/T 2423.56 Environmental Testing - Part 2: Test Methods - Test Fh: Vibration,
Broadband Random and Guidance
GB/T 4208-2017 Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosure (IP code)
GB/T 19596 Terminology of Electric Vehicles
GB/T 28046.4-2011 Road Vehicles - Environmental Conditions and Testing for
Electrical and Electronic Equipment - Part 4: Climatic Loads
3 Terms and Definitions
What is defined in GB/T 19596, and the following terms and definitions are applicable
to this document.
NOTE: rated capacity is generally expressed in (Ah) or (mAh).
3.8 Practical Capacity
Practical capacity refers to the capacity value released from fully charged secondary
cell, module, battery pack or system under the conditions specified by the manufacturer.
3.9 State-of-charge
State-of-charge refers to the percentage of capacity in the current secondary cell,
module, battery pack or system that can be released in accordance with the discharge
conditions specified by the manufacturer to the practical capacity.
3.10 Explosion
Explosion refers to a sudden release of sufficient energy, which generates pressure
waves or sprays, and might cause structural or physical damage to the surrounding
area.
3.11 Fire
Fire refers to continuous combustion of secondary cell, module, battery pack or any
part of the system (the duration of single flame is greater than 1 s). Sparks and electric
arcs do not belong to combustion.
3.12 Housing Crack
Housing crack refers to mechanical damage to secondary cell, module, battery pack
or system housing due to internal and external factors, which can result in exposure or
spillage of internal substances.
3.13 Leakage
Leakage refers to the phenomenon that visible substances leak from secondary cell,
module, battery pack or system to the outside of the test object.
3.14 Thermal Runaway
Thermal runaway refers to the phenomenon of uncontrollable rise in battery
temperature caused by exothermic chain reaction of secondary cell.
3.15 Thermal Propagation
Thermal propagation refers to the phenomenon of successive thermal runaway of the
remaining secondary cells caused by thermal runaway of one secondary cell in the
battery pack or system.
3.16 End-of-charge Voltage
5.1.5 In accordance with 8.1.6, conduct temperature cycle test on secondary cell: there
shall be no fire or explosion.
5.1.6 In accordance with 8.1.7, conduct extrusion test on secondary cell: there shall be
no fire or explosion.
5.2 Safety Requirements of Battery Pack or System
5.2.1 In accordance with 8.2.1, conduct vibration test on battery pack or system: there
shall be no phenomenon of leakage, housing crack, fire or explosion. In addition,
abnormal termination conditions shall not be triggered. After the test, the insulation
resistance shall be not less than 100 /V.
5.2.2 In accordance with 8.2.2, conduct mechanical impact test on battery pack or
system: there shall be no phenomenon of leakage, housing crack, fire or explosion.
After the test, the insulation resistance shall be not less than 100 /V.
5.2.3 In accordance with 8.2.3, conduct simulated collision test on battery pack or
system: there shall be no phenomenon of leakage, housing crack, fire or explosion.
After the test, the insulation resistance shall be not less than 100 /V.
5.2.4 In accordance with 8.2.4, conduct extrusion test on battery pack or system: there
shall be no fire or explosion.
5.2.5 In accordance with 8.2.5, conduct damp heat cycle test on battery pack or system:
there shall be no phenomenon of leakage, housing crack, fire or explosion. Within 30
min after the test, the insulation resistance shall be not less than 100 /V.
5.2.6 In accordance with 8.2.6, conduct water immersion test on battery pack or system:
one of the following requirements shall be satisfies:
a) Comply with Mode 1: there shall be no fire or explosion;
b) Comply with Mode 2: after the test, IPX7 requirements must be satisfied: there
shall be no phenomenon of leakage, housing crack, fire or explosion. After the
test, the insulation resistance shall be not less than 100 /V.
5.2.7 In accordance with 8.2.7, conduct thermal stability test on battery pack or system,
excluding nickel-metal hydride battery or the system. It includes:
a) In accordance with 8.2.7.1, conduct external combustion test: there shall be
no explosion;
b) In accordance with 8.2.7.2, conduct thermal propagation occupant protection
analysis and verification. 5 min before a danger is caused in the passenger
compartment due to thermal propagation, as a result of thermal runaway of a
single battery, the battery pack or system shall provide a thermal event
independently, battery module may be adopted for testi...