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GB/T 18883-2022: Standards for indoor air quality
GB/T 18883-2022
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 13.040.01
CCS C 51
Replacing GB/T 18883-2002
Standards for Indoor Air Quality
ISSUED ON: JULY 11, 2022
IMPLEMENTED ON: FEBRUARY 1, 2023
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative References ... 5
3 Terms and Definitions ... 6
4 Requirements for Indoor Air Quality ... 7
5 Determination and Evaluation of Indoor Air Quality Indicators ... 8
Appendix A (normative) Technical Guideline for Indoor Air Quality Indicator Testing
... 10
Appendix B (normative) Determination of Formaldehyde ... 18
Appendix C (normative) Determination of Benzene, Toluene and Xylene ... 23
Appendix D (normative) Determination of Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC)
... 39
Appendix E (normative) Determination of Benzo [a] pyrene in Inhalable Particulate
Matter ... 48
Appendix F (normative) Determination of Inhalable Particulate Matter and Fine
Particulate Matter ... 53
Appendix G (normative) Determination of Total Number of Bacteria ... 57
Appendix H (normative) Determination of Radon ... 59
Bibliography ... 68
Standards for Indoor Air Quality
1 Scope
This document specifies the physical, chemical, biological and radioactive indicators and
requirements of indoor air quality, and describes the determination methods of each indicator.
This document is applicable to residential and office buildings. Other indoor environments may
take this document as a reference.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document
through the normative references in this text. In terms of references with a specified date, only
versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a
specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB 3095-2012 Ambient Air Quality Standard
GB/T 12372 Standard Method for Examination of Nitrogen Dioxide in Air of Residential Areas
- Modified Saltzman Method
GB/T 14669 Air Quality - Determination of Ammonia - Ion Selective Electrode Method
GB/T 15435 Ambient Air - Determination of Nitrogen Dioxide - Saltzman Method
GB/T 16128 Standard Method for Hygienic Examination of Sulfur Dioxide in Air of Residential
Areas - Formaldehyde Solution Sampling - Pararosaniline Hydrochloride Spectrophotometric
Method
GB/T 16129 Standard Method for Hygienic Examination of Formaldehyde in Air of Residential
Areas - Spectrophotometric Method
GB/T 18204.1 Examination Methods for Public Places - Part 1: Physical Parameters
GB/T 18204.2 Examination Methods for Public Places - Part 2: Chemical Pollutants
GB/T 27476.5 Safety in Testing Laboratories - Part 5: Chemical Aspects
GB/T 32465 Requirements for Verification and Validation of Detection Methods and Internal
Quality Control on Chemical Analysis
HJ 93 Specifications and Test Procedures for PM10 and PM2.5 Sampler
Appendix A
(normative)
Technical Guideline for Indoor Air Quality Indicator Testing
A.1 Overview
This guideline specifies the point layout, sampling time and frequency, sampling instruments,
sampling methods, sampling records, sample transportation and storage, inspection methods,
quality assurance measures, result calculation and expression, and laboratory safety of indoor
air quality indicator testing. If there are clarified requirements in the determination methods of
the various indoor air quality indicators, the determination methods shall prevail; if there are
no requirements, this guideline may be taken as a reference.
A.2 Point Layout
A.2.1 Environmental requirements
Before sampling, the doors and windows, air purification equipment and fresh air system shall
be closed for at least 12 h. During sampling, the doors and windows, air purification equipment
and fresh air system shall remain closed. In the indoor environment where the air conditioner
is used, the air conditioner shall be kept in normal operation. The measurement of physical
indicators and indoor radon measurement (solid nuclear track measurement method), as well as
other measurements that fail to satisfy the aforementioned requirements shall be carried out
under the normal use of the house.
A.2.2 Number of sampling points
The number of sampling points shall be determined in accordance with the indoor area and site
conditions being monitored to correctly reflect the level of indoor air pollutants. For a single
room with an area less than 25 m2, 1 point shall be set; for a single room with an area 25 m2 ~
50 m2 (not included), 2 ~ 3 points shall be set; for a single room with an area 50 m2 ~ 100 m2
(not included), 3 ~ 5 points shall be set; for a single room 100 m2 and above, at least 5 points
shall be set.
A.2.3 Layout mode
For single-point sampling, lay out the point in the center of the house; for multi-point sampling,
the points shall be evenly distributed diagonally or in a quincunx pattern. The sampling point
shall avoid ventilation openings and heat sources; the distance from the wall shall be greater
than 0.5 m; the distance from the doors and windows shall be greater than 1 m.
A.2.4 Height of sampling point
In principle, it shall be consistent with the height of the adult’s breathing zone, and the relative
height shall be between 0.5 m ~ 1.5 m. If conditions permit, in consideration of the breathing
height of the sitting and lying state and the child’s height, the sampling at a relative height of
0.3 m ~ 0.6 m shall be added.
A.3 Sampling Time and Frequency
For the annual average concentration (for example, radon), conduct the sampling for at least 3
months (including winter); for the 24-hour average concentration (such as: benzo [a] pyrene,
PM2.5 and PM10, etc.), conduct the sampling for at least 20 h; for the 8-h average concentration,
conduct the sampling for at least 6 h; for the 1-h average concentration, conduct the sampling
for 45 min; in accordance with different determination methods, continuous or interval
sampling can be conducted.
A.4 Sampling Instrument
In accordance with the existence of the various indicators in the indoor air, select an appropriate
equipment. The noise of the instrument and equipment shall generally be less than 50 dB(A);
if the noise is too loud, the indoor noise shall be reduced through the mode of installing sound-
absorbing boxes.
A.5 Sampling Methods
A.5.1 General requirements
The sampling methods of the various indicators shall take the specific stipulations in the
determination method as a reference. On the basis of the method applicability verification, the
sampling method parameters, including sampling volume, sampling flow rate and sampling
time, can be appropriately adjusted to satisfy the testing requirements for the indoor air quality
indicators. The annual average and 8-hour average indicators are required. If the determination
method allows, the screening method can be adopted first for the sampling. If the test results
comply with the requirements of the indicators, they can be directly evaluated; if they fail to
comply with the requirements, the cumulative method shall be adopted for the sampling. For
benzo [a] pyrene, PM2.5 and PM10 that adopt the 24-h average, due to the limitation of the
determination method, the screening method cannot be adopted, and the cumulative ...