GB/T 2423.23-2013 English PDF (GBT2423.23-2013)

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GB/T 2423.23-2013: Environmental testing - Part 2: Test methods - Test Q: Sealing
GB/T 2423.23-2013
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 19.040
K 04
GB/T 2423.23-2013 / IEC 60068-2-17:1994
Replacing GB/T 2424.23-1995
Environmental testing - Part 2: Test methods - Text Q:
Sealing
(IEC 60068-2-17:1994, Basic environmental testing procedures - Part 2:
Tests - Test Q: Sealing, IDT)
ISSUED ON: NOVEMBER 12, 2013
IMPLEMENTED ON: MARCH 07, 2014
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of PRC;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3 
Introduction ... 6 
1 Scope ... 9 
2 Normative references ... 9 
3 Terms and definitions ... 9 
4 Test Qa: Bushing, mandrel, gasket seal ... 12 
5 Test Qc: Sealing of container (gas leakage) ... 13 
6 Test Qd: Sealing of container (liquid leakage) ... 16 
7 Test Qf: water immersion ... 18 
8 Test Qk: Tracer gas method with mass spectrometer ... 20 
9 Test Ql: Pressurized immersion test ... 27 
10 Test Qm: Sealing test by internal pre-pressurized tracer gas ... 29 
11 Test Qy: Pressurized sealing test ... 33 
Appendix A (Informative) Example of test chamber used in test Qa ... 37 
Appendix B (Informative) Test Qc Guidelines ... 41 
Appendix C (Informative) Test Qd guidelines ... 44 
Appendix D (Informative) The relationship between the test parameters of test
Qk ... 45 
Appendix E (Informative) Test Qk guidelines ... 48 
Appendix F (Informative) Test Ql guidelines ... 52 
Appendix G (Informative) Test Qm guidelines ... 53 
Appendix H (Informative) Test Qy guidelines ... 56 
Appendix NA (Informative) Composition of GB/T 2423 ... 58 
Environmental testing - Part 2: Test methods - Text Q:
Sealing
1 Scope
This part of GB/T 2423 specifies various sealing performance test methods.
Test Qa and Qc are rough inspections, to observe the bubbles emerging from
the leak. Test Qd is to observe the leakage of liquid, under heating conditions.
Test Qy is to make the gas pass through the leak and enter the test box, under
reduced pressure, then measure the performance change of the test box. Test
Qk, Qm is to use tracer gas to detect small leaks. Test Qf, Ql is to make liquid
enter it through the leak, under pressurized conditions, then measure its
performance changes.
This Part is suitable for testing the sealing performance of various electrical and
electronic products. It is also suitable for testing the sealing performance of
other sealing parts.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For
the dated documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable
to this document; for the undated documents, only the latest version (including
all the amendments) is applicable to this standard.
GB/T 2421.1-2008 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products
- General and guidance (IEC 60068-1:1998, IDT)
GB 4208-2008 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code) (IEC
60529:2001, IDT)
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
Leak rate
Depending on the selected method, this test can be used to test the leak rate,
which is more than 100 Pa · cm3/s, 10 Pa · cm3/s or 1 Pa · cm3/s (10-3 bar · cm3/s,
10-4 bar · cm3/s or 10-5 bar · cm3/s). Test method 1 or 3 is only applicable to test
samples, which have all the reduced pressure or increased pressure, as
required to resist impregnation, without deformation or permanent physical
damage (see B.1, B.2, B.3).
Test method 2 is applicable to test samples, which are subjected to a significant
pressure difference due to heat, when working at the highest ambient
temperature.
5.3 Test overview
5.3.1 Test summary
The test sample is immersed in a suitable liquid. Under controlled conditions,
by observing the bubbles released on the surface of the test sample, check the
gross leaks (see B.5).
Use one of the following test methods, to generate positive pressure inside the
test sample.
5.3.2 Test method 1
The test is carried out in a vacuum, thereby increasing the pressure difference
between the two sides of the test sample's seal.
5.3.3 Test method 2
The test sample is immersed in the test liquid, which is maintained at a high
temperature (see B.10).
5.3.4 Test method 3
After immersing in a liquid, which has a boiling point lower than the test
temperature, the sample is then immersed in the test liquid.
5.4 Test method 1
5.4.1 The test box, which has the liquid tank as required for this test, shall have
the ability to pump a vacuum; the tank shall contain enough liquid, to immerse
the uppermost end of the shell or seal of the sample under test, to a depth of
more than 10 mm. The temperature of the test liquid (see B.8) shall be
maintained between 15 °C and 35 °C. Before the vacuum is broken, the tank
shall have the ability to drain or remove the test sample from the liquid.
5.4.2 The test sample is immersed in the test liquid, with the sealing surface
facing upwards. Then the air pressure in the test box is reduced to 1 kPa OR
other values specified in the relevant specifications, within 1 min. If no failure is
observed (see 5.4.4), then maintain this air pressure for a few minutes OR other
duration, which is specified by the relevant specifications (see B.9).
5.4.3 Test samples, which have more than one sealing surface, shall be tested
in accordance with 5.4.2, by making each sealing surface in the upward position
(see B.4).
5.4.4 The failure criterion of this test is usually that, at any time during the
duration of the test, there are obvious continuous bubbles, two or more large
bubbles, or attached bubbles that gradually increase in volume (see B.6 and
B.7).
5.5 Test method 2
5.5.1 The test liquid tank shall be filled with enough liquid, so that the uppermost
end of the shell or seal of the sample under test, is immersed below the liquid,
to a depth of more than 10 mm.
5.5.2 The temperature of the liquid shall be kept at 1 °C ~ 5 °C above the
maximum working temperature of the sample to be tested OR the temperature
specified in the relevant specifications.
5.5.3 The test sample at 15 °C ~ 35 °C is immersed in the test liquid, with its
sealing surface up (see B.11). The immersion time is not less than 10 min OR
specified by relevant specifications (see B.3).
5.5.4 Test samples, which have more than one sealing surfaces, shall be tested
in accordance with 5.5.3, with each sealing surface in the upward position (see
B.4).
5.5.5 The failure criterion of this test is usually that, at any time during the
duration of the test, there are obvious continuous bubbles, two or more large
bubbles or attached bubbles that gradually increase in volume (see B.6 and
B.7).
5.6 Test method 3
5.6.1 Test summary
The method consists of two steps.
5.6.2 Step 1
Step 1 shall be carried out at room temperature.
Seal the test sample in a vacuum/pressurized container. Reduce the pressure
to 100 Pa AND keep it for 1 h. Then fill the container with liquid (see B.12, B.13),
Note: This test also applies to test samples, where the filler is solid at room temperature,
but liquid at the test temperature.
6.2 Scope
This test can be used to test the test sample, which is equivalent to an air leak
rate greater than 1 Pa · cm3/s. The sensitivity of this test method depends on
the kinematic viscosity of the liquid, at t...