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GB/T 42764-2023: Plastics -- Assessment of the intrinsic biodegradability of materials exposed to marine inocula under mesophilic aerobic laboratory conditions -- Test methods and requirements
GB/T 42764-2023: Test methods and requirements for the evaluation of the inherent aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials exposed to marine inoculum under laboratory mesophilic conditions
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Plastic exposed to ocean contact in laboratory at moderate temperatures
Evaluation of the inherent aerobic biodegradation capacity of species
Test methods and requirements
State Administration for Market Regulation
Released by the National Standardization Administration Committee
Preface
This document complies with the provisions of GB/T 1:1-2020 "Standardization Work Guidelines Part 1: Structure and Drafting Rules of Standardization Documents"
Drafting:
This document is equivalent to ISO 22403:2020 "Inherent oxygen demand of plastics exposed to marine inoculum under laboratory mesophilic conditions"
Test methods and requirements for biodegradation capacity assessment:
Please note that some content in this document may be subject to patents: The publisher of this document assumes no responsibility for identifying patents:
This document is proposed and coordinated by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Bio-based Materials and Degradable Products (TC380):
This document was drafted by: Beijing Technology and Business University, Hefei Hengxin Life Technology Co:, Ltd:, Ningbo Jialian Technology Co:, Ltd:, Shan
Xihuayang Biodegradable New Materials Co:, Ltd:, Yangzhou Huitong Technology Co:, Ltd:, Anhui Fengyuan Biotechnology Co:, Ltd:,
Guangdong Chongxi Environmental Protection Technology Co:, Ltd:, Shenzhen Wandajie Environmental Protection New Materials Co:, Ltd:, Huitong Beigong Biotechnology (Beijing) Co:, Ltd:
Company, Shanghai Dajue Packaging Products Co:, Ltd:, Yangzhou Huitong New Materials Co:, Ltd:, Chongqing Lianfa Plastic Technology Co:, Ltd:, Anhui Zhong
Chenghuadao Biodegradable Materials Technology Co:, Ltd:, Tongcheng Chemical (China) Co:, Ltd:, Anhui Huachi Plastic Industry Co:, Ltd:, Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province
Pin Plastic Products Co:, Ltd:, China Shenhua Coal-to-Liquids Chemical Co:, Ltd:, Shenzhen Zhengwang Environmental Protection New Materials Co:, Ltd:, Fuling Technology Co:, Ltd:
Co:, Ltd:, Guizhou Tobacco Science Research Institute, Guizhou Tobacco Company Qiannan Prefecture Company, China National Tobacco Corporation Guizhou Provincial Company, Sichuan University
University of Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, National Plastic Products Quality Inspection and Testing Center (Beijing), Bengbu Tiancheng Packaging Technology Co:, Ltd:
Company, Anhui Xuelang Biotechnology Co:, Ltd:, Bengbu Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Henan Longdu Tianren Biomaterials Co:, Ltd:
The main drafters of this document: Hu Jing, Fu Ye, Weng Yunxuan, Yan Deping, Wang Xiong, Tong Mingquan, Zhang Jiangang, Ji Chuanxia, Wei Jie, Diao Xiaoqian,
Shen Kunliang, Zhou Jiushou, Xiong Lulu, Ai Rong, Zhao Yanchao, Wang Chunqiu, Wang Peng, Wen Liang, Yin Tian, Zhang Jianhong, Hu Xinfu, Gao Weichang, Wang Yuzhong, Wu Gang,
Guo Baohua, Li Chengtao, Zhou Yingxin, Wan Yuqing, Li Shuzhen, Tang Qingwen, Ruan Liuwen, Lu Jianyong, Cai Kai, Wan Neng, Zhu Yanli, Wang Yi:
introduction
The biodegradation performance of plastic products under controlled conditions (including biodegradation level and biodegradation rate) is related to the following three factors:
a) The inherent (i:e: potential) biodegradable properties of the material;
b) Effective surface and shape of the product;
c) Environmental conditions in which the product is exposed:
The material's inherent biodegradability makes its chemical structure vulnerable to attack by enzymes, which can break down its chemical bonds: In There
Under oxygen conditions (in the presence of oxygen), the final biological decomposition of the material will only produce carbon dioxide, water, inorganic salts and new biomass:
The biodegradation process of plastic products is a bioerosion process that occurs at the interface between the solid phase and the liquid phase where microorganisms live, so it is a
Polyphasic reaction: Compared with the proportion of biodegradable materials in the product, the surface area of the biodegradable product has a greater impact on its biodegradation rate:
important: Therefore, the larger the effective surface area of the product, the higher the biodegradation rate:
Environmental conditions also determine the rate of biodegradation of the product: Temperature, suitable nutrients, pH, and microbial populations all affect material biochemical composition:
solution rate: If environmental conditions are not conducive to biological decomposition, even if the material is biodegradable in nature, biological decomposition will not occur:
This document covers the situation described in condition a) above:
Environmental pollution caused by discarded plastic products has attracted people's attention: Plastic waste in the ocean needs to be strengthened
Control through recycling and strengthening environmental awareness education: However, in some cases, the spread of plastic waste in the ocean is almost impossible:
Avoided: For example, plastics used to make fishing gear and fish, mussel and oyster farming can easily be left at sea:
Ocean or lost: In these cases, the use of biodegradable plastic products will help reduce environmental problems caused by the spread of solid waste:
Therefore, understanding whether plastic products are intrinsically biodegradable when exposed to marine inoculum has important implications for product design and evaluation during the production phase:
The environmental impact and risks of not being able to recycle after use are very important:
Plastic exposed to ocean contact in laboratory at moderate temperatures
Evaluation of the inherent aerobic biodegradation capacity of species
Test methods and requirements
1 Scope
This document describes the evaluation of the inherent biodegradation of plastic raw materials and polymers in the marine environment without any environmental exposure or pretreatment:
Ability test methods:
The test method in this document is carried out under aerobic and medium temperature conditions, aiming to obtain the final biological decomposition ability of the material, that is, converting it into carbon dioxide,
water and biomass:
This document is only used to evaluate the inherent biodegradation performance of the material, and is not used to evaluate the possible components present in it, such as heavy metals and other substances:
Environmental hazards are not used to assess potential ecological toxicity: This document is suitable for the assessment of intentional or unintentional releases of plastics into the marine environment
The overall impact of the product on the environment:
This document is not used to evaluate the performance of products processed from biodegradable plastic raw materials and biodegradable polymers: Biodegradable plastic products
Life cycle and biodegradation rate in the ocean are often affected by specific environmental conditions as well as the thickness and shape of the article:
The test results of material biodegradation performance obtained under the test conditions specified in this document cannot be directly extrapolated to the actual marine environment:
This document does not apply to "marine biodegradable" claims for biodegradable plastic raw materials: For declarations, please refer to the relevant product standard:
The test methods specified in this document cannot be used to determine the specific biodegradation rate (i:e:, rate of decomposition per available surface area) of the test material:
Rate): If necessary, please refer to the relevant standards specifying biodegradation rates:
2 Normative reference documents
The contents of the following documents constitute essential provisions of this document through normative references in the text: Among them, the dated quotations
For undated referenced documents, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for undated referenced documents, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to
this document:
Note: GB/T 38787-2020 Sample preparation method for biodegradation test of plastic materials (ISO 10210:2012, IDT)
ISO 18830 Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of non-floating plastic materials at the seawater-sand-sediment interface of plastics by test
closedrespirometer)
Note: GB/T 40611-2021 Determination of the final aerobic biological decomposition capacity of non-floating plastic materials at the interface of plastic seawater and sandy sediments by determining the density
Method for oxygen consumption in closed respirometer (ISO 18830:2016, IDT)
ISO 19679 Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of non-floating plastic materials at the seawater-sand-sediment interface of plastics by test
Note: GB/T 40612-2021 Determination of the final aerobic biological decomposition capacity of non-floating plastic materials at the interface of plastic seawater and sandy sediments by measuring the release
Method for releasing carbon dioxide (ISO 19679:2020, IDT)
ISO 22404 Determination of the ultimate aerobic biological decomposition capacity of non-floating materials exposed to plastics in marine sediments by analytical interpretation
Note: GB/T 40367-2021 Determination of the final aerobic biological decomposition capacity of non-floating materials exposed to plastics in marine sediments by analyzing the released
Carbon dioxide method (ISO 22404:2019, IDT)
ISO 23977-1 Plastics Determination of aerobic biodegradation of plastic materials exposed to seawater Part 1: Measurement of biogas release
ISO 23977-2 Plastics Determination of aerobic biodegradation of plastic materials exposed to seawater Part 2: Determination of closed respiration
ASTM D6691-17 Aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials by specific microbial flora or natural seawater culture fluid in the marine environment
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document:
The URLs of the terminology databases maintained by ISO and IEC for standardization are as follows:
---ISO online browsing platform: https://www:iso:org/obp;
4 requirements
4:1 Test materials
Plastic materials, polymers and organic components shall be tested in the form specified by the corresponding standard test methods: If grinding is required, press
Preparation of plastic material powder according to ISO 10210: The specimens should not undergo any pretreatment (such as heating, radiation), nor should they age naturally:
4:2 Reference materials
The reference material is cellulose (microcrystalline cellulose or cellulose filter paper):
4:3 Negative control materials
Negative control materials should be tested in parallel with the test materials: The negative control material was virgin polyethylene:
4:4 Biodegradation test methods
Plastic raw materials, polymers or each organic component should be subjected to marine biodegradation tests separately with reference materials and negative control materials:
The test shall be carried out in accordance with any one of the following six documents: ISO 18830, ISO 19679, ISO 22404, ASTM D6691-17,
ISO 23977-1 and ISO 23977-2:
The test ends when the test reaches a stable stage: The average biodegradation rate of at least 3 test materials within 2 months is less than 3%
, the experiment can be considered to have reached a stable stage: After 1 year of testing, the test conditions were carefully monitored following the corresponding standard test methods to ensure
Ensure long-term reliability of test conditions: The results are only valid if the test method meets the corresponding standards:
4:5 Requirements
For the test material as a whole or for each individual component, the organic carbon shall be mineralized to carbon dioxide within 2 years to a degree of mineralization of at least
90%, or identical to the reference material: In this document, this requirement is met if the mineralization relative to the reference material is ≥90%: Reference material
The test materials and test materials should be tested within the same time period, and the results should be evaluated at the same time point after their tests have reached the stable stage:
Compare:
For organic components with a content between 1% and 15% (dry mass) in materials, their biodegradability should be determined separately: Please refer to the OECD
301 Methods A~F are determined based on existing biodegradation test results; this document recognizes the biodegradability of biodegradable compounds under the conditions described in OECD310
Solution:
Alternatively, artificial mixtures of the same materials can be used to determine the biodegradability of organic components: The artificial mixture should contain ≥15%
The corresponding organic component [total organic carbon (TOC) content]: The chemical composition and structure of the material should remain unchanged, but the organic components of interest should
The content should be increased to ≥15% [Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content]: Artificial mixtures should be prepared using the same process conditions as the raw materials (e:g:
Extrusion, etc:) molding, but the content of each component in the raw materials may be less than 15% (based on dry mass): If an artificial mixture meets the above requirements, then
This organic component is considered biodegradable: Therefore, when the content of this component in a certain material is ≤15% (based on dry mass), the above results are the same as
Same applies:
Note 1: The purpose of testing artificial mixtures is to verify synergistic effects, demonstrating that a component that is suspected to be non-biodegradable when tested alone is less biodegradable when combined with another biodegradable component of the material:
The decomposed components may exhibit biodegradable properties when combined:
Note 2: The purpose of increasing the content of a certain component in artificial mixtures to ≥15% is to avoid unreal positive test results, because theoretically containing 10% is not biogenic:
Materials with biodegradable components may also reach acceptable levels of biodegradation:
Natural materials and components that are not chemically modified (such as wood, wood fiber, cotton fiber, starch, paper pulp,...