GB/T 8196-2018 English PDF (GBT8196-2018)

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GB/T 8196-2018: Safety of machinery -- Guards -- General requirements for the design and construction of fixed and movable guards
GB/T 8196-2018
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 13.110
J 09
GB/T 8196-2018 / ISO 14120:2015
Replacing GB/T 8196-2003
Safety of Machinery – Guards – General Requirements for
the Design and Construction of Fixed and Movable Guards
(ISO 14120:2015, IDT)
ISSUED ON: DECEMBER 28, 2018
IMPLEMENTED ON: JULY 01, 2019
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 4
Introduction ... 6
1 Scope ... 8
2 Normative References ... 8
3 Terms and Definitions ... 9
4 Risk Assessment ... 15
5 General Requirements for the Design and Construction of Guards ... 15
5.1 Machine aspects ... 15
5.2 Human aspects ... 17
5.3 Guard design and construction aspects ... 19
5.4 Materials, rigidity, and impact requirements ... 21
5.5 Containment ... 22
5.6 Resistance to corrosion ... 22
5.7 Resistance to microorganisms ... 22
5.8 Non-toxicity ... 23
5.9 Machine viewing ... 23
5.10 Transparency ... 23
5.11 Shadows and stroboscopic effects ... 23
5.12 Electrostatic properties ... 23
5.13 Guards with electrically conductive parts ... 23
5.14 Thermal stability ... 24
5.15 Fire and flammability ... 24
5.16 Noise and vibration reduction ... 24
5.17 Radiation protection ... 24
5.18 Climbing ... 24
5.19 Retained fastenings ... 24
5.20 Vibration resistance ... 25
5.21 Warning signs ... 25
5.22 Color ... 25
5.23 Appearance ... 25
6 Selection of Types of Guards... 26
6.1 General ... 26
6.2 Combination of different guards or of guards with other devices ... 26
6.3 Selection of guards according to the number and size of the hazards ... 27
6.4 Selection of guards according to the nature and frequency of access required ... 28
7 Verification of the Safety Requirements for Guards ... 29
7.1 General ... 29
7.2 Verification and validation methods ... 29
7.3 Required verification and validation ... 30
8 Information for Use ... 34
8.1 General ... 34
8.2 Guard hazards ... 34
8.3 Installation ... 34
8.4 Operation ... 34
8.5 Removal of guards ... 35
8.6 Inspection and maintenance ... 35
Annex A (Informative) Example of Retained Fastening ... 36
Annex B (Informative) Example of Projectile Test Method for Mechanically Testing
Guards ... 37
Annex C (Informative) Example of Pendulum Test Method for Mechanically Testing
Guards ... 41
Bibliography ... 46
Foreword
This Standard was drafted as per the rules specified in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This Standard replaced GB/T 8196-2003 Safety of Machinery – Guards - General Requirements
for the Design and Construction of Fixed and Movable Guards. Compared with GB/T 8196-
2003, the major technical changes of this Standard are as follows besides the editorial
modifications:
--- Increase the ergonomic requirements for power-operated guards (see 5.2.5.4 of this
Edition);
--- Increase the requirements for guards with conductive parts (see 5.13 of this Edition);
--- Increase the requirements for anti-climbing (see 5.18 of this Edition);
--- Refine the requirements for fasteners of guards (see 5.19 of this Edition; 7.2 of 2003
Edition);
--- Refine verification and validation of safety requirements for guards (see Clause 7 of this
Edition; Clause 8 of 2003 Edition);
--- Add examples of retaining fasteners (see Annex A of this Edition);
--- Add test methods (see Annexes B and C of this Edition);
--- Delete Annexes B and C (see Annexes B and C of 2003 Edition).
This Standard used the translation method to equivalently adopt ISO 14120:2015 Safety of
Machinery – Guards – General Requirements for the Design and Construction of Fixed and
Movable Guards.
The Chinese documents that have a consistent correspondence with the international documents
normatively cited in this Standard are as follows:
--- GB/T 18569.1-2001 Safety of Machinery - Reduction of Risks to Health from Hazardous
Substances Emitted by Machinery - Part 1: Principles and Specifications for Machinery
Manufacturers (eqv ISO 14123-1:1998);
--- GB/T 18831-2017 Safety of Machinery - Interlocking Devices Associated with Guards -
Principles for Design and Selection (ISO 14119:2013, IDT);
--- GB/T 19876-2012 Safety of Machinery - Positioning of Safeguards with respect to the
Approach Speeds of Parts of the Human Body (ISO 13855:2010, IDT);
--- GB/T 19891-2005 Safety of Machinery - Hygiene Requirements for the Design of
Machinery (ISO 14159:2002, IDT);
Safety of Machinery – Guards – General Requirements for
the Design and Construction of Fixed and Movable Guards
1 Scope
This Standard specifies general requirements for the design, construction, and selection of
guards provided to protect persons from mechanical hazards.
This Standard indicates other hazards that can influence the design and construction of guards.
This Standard applies to guards for machinery which will be manufactured after it is published.
This Standard applies to the fixed and movable guards.
This Standard does not cover interlocking devices, which are covered in ISO 14119.
This Standard does not provide requirements for special systems relating specifically to
mobility such as ROPS (rollover protective structures), FOPS (falling-object protective
structures), and TOPS (tip over protective structures) or to the ability of machinery to lift loads.
2 Normative References
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For the dated
documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable to this document; for the
undated documents, only the latest version (including all the amendments) is applicable to this
document.
GB 5226.1-2008 Electrical Safety of Machinery - Electrical Equipment of Machines - Part
1: General Requirements (IEC 60204-1:2005, IDT)
GB/T 15706-2012 Safety of Machinery - General Principles for Design - Risk Assessment
and Risk Reduction (ISO 12100:2010, IDT)
ISO 13855 Safety of Machinery – Positioning of Safeguards with respect to the Approach
Speeds of Parts of the Human Body
ISO 13857 Safety of Machinery – Safety Distances to Prevent Hazard Zones being
Reached by Upper and Lower Limbs
ISO 14119 Safety of Machinery – Interlocking Devices Associated with Guards –
Principles for Design and Selection
ISO 14123-1 Safety of Machinery – Reduction of Risks to Health from Hazardous
Substances Emitted by Machinery – Part 1: Principles and Specifications for Machinery
Manufacturers
ISO 14159 Safety of Machinery – Hygiene Requirements for the Design of Machinery
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this Document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 15706-2012 and
the following apply.
3.1 Guard
Physical barrier, designed as part of the machine, to provide protection.
NOTE 1: A guard may act either
--- alone, in which case it is only effective when “closed” (for a movable guard) or “securely held in
place” (for a fixed guard), or
--- in conjunction with an interlocking device with or without guard locking, in which case protection
is ensured whatever the position of the guard.
NOTE 2: Depending on its construction, a guard may be described as, for example, casing, shield, cover,
screen, door, enclosing guard.
NOTE 3: The terms for types of guards are defined in GB/T 15706-2012, 3.27.1 to 3.27.6. See also GB/T
15706-2012, 6.3.3.2 for types of guards and their requirements.
[GB/T ...