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JTG D20-2017: Design Specification for Highway Alignment
JTG D20-2017
JTG
INDUSTRIAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Design specification for highway alignment
ISSUED ON: SEPTEMBER 28, 2017
IMPLEMENTED ON: JANUARY 01, 2018
Issued by: Ministry of Transport of PRC
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 7 
1 General ... 9 
2 Highway classification and class selection ... 11 
2.1 Highway functions and classification ... 11 
2.2 Technical class of highway and selection of design speed ... 12 
2.3 Control access ... 15 
3 Highway traffic capacity ... 16 
3.1 General requirements... 16 
3.2 Service level ... 18 
3.3 Designed hourly traffic volume ... 20 
3.4 Design traffic capacity of expressways and first-class highway segments ... 22 
3.5 Traffic capacity of interchange ... 23 
3.6 Traffic capacity of second-class and third-class highways ... 24 
4 Overall design ... 26 
4.1 General provisions ... 26 
4.2 Highway functions and technical standards ... 26 
4.3 Construction scale and construction plan ... 27 
4.4 Environmental protection and resource conservation ... 31 
4.5 Design inspection and safety evaluation ... 32 
5 Route selection ... 33 
6 Lateral section of highway ... 36 
6.1 General provisions ... 36 
6.2 Lane ... 38 
6.3 Medial strip ... 40 
6.4 Shoulders ... 42 
6.5 Slope of road camber ... 44 
6.6 Highway construction boundaries ... 45 
6.7 Scope of highway land utilization ... 50 
7 Highway plane ... 50 
7.1 General provisions ... 50 
7.2 Straight-line ... 51 
7.3 Circular curve ... 51 
7.4 Spiral line ... 52 
7.5 Superelevation of circular curve ... 53 
7.6 Widening of circular curve ... 56 
7.7 Superelevation and widened transitional segments of fourth-class highway 58 
7.8 Length of planar curve... 59 
7.9 Sight distance ... 59 
7.10 Turnaround curve ... 61 
8 Longitudinal section of highway ... 62 
8.1 General provisions ... 62 
8.2 Longitudinal slope ... 64 
8.3 Slope length ... 65 
8.4 Climbing lane ... 67 
8.5 Resultant slope... 68 
8.6 Vertical curve ... 69 
9 Alignment design ... 70 
9.1 General provisions ... 70 
9.2 Design of planar alignment ... 71 
9.3 Design of longitudinal alignment ... 74 
9.4 Design of lateral section ... 76 
9.5 Design of alignment combination ... 78 
9.6 Coordination of alignment with bridges and tunnels ... 80 
9.7 Coordination of alignment and facilities along the route ... 81 
9.8 Coordination between alignment and environment ... 81 
10 Level crossing between highway and highway ... 82 
10.1 General provisions ... 82 
10.2 Alignment of highway at level crossing ... 87 
10.3 Sight distance ... 88 
10.4 Turning design ... 90 
10.5 Additional lanes and traffic islands ... 91 
10.6 Reconstruction of level crossing ... 94 
11 Level crossing between highway and highway ... 95 
11.1 General provisions ... 95 
11.2 Sight distance ... 99 
11.3 Ramp design ... 100 
11.4 Number of basic lanes AND balance of number of lanes ... 112 
11.5 Turnout and confluence of primary line AND diversion and confluence of
ramps ... 113 
11.6 Level crossing between the ramp of interchange and the intersected highway
... 117 
11.7 Separated vertical crossing ... 117 
12 Crossing between highways and railways, country roads, pipelines ... 120 
12.1 General provisions ... 120 
12.2 Vertical crossing between highways and railways ... 121 
12.3 Level crossing between highway and railway ... 124 
12.4 Crossing between highway and country road ... 125 
12.5 Crossing between highway and pipeline ... 129 
13 Facilities along the highway ... 130 
13.1 General provisions ... 130 
13.2 Toll station ... 131 
13.3 Service area, parking area ... 132 
13.4 Passenger car stop ... 135 
13.5 U-turn facilities on expressways ... 137 
Explanation of terms used in this specification ... 139 
Design specification for highway alignment
1 General
1.0.1 In order to guide highway design, reasonably determine highway's
functions, technical classes, construction scale, main technical indicators, this
specification is hereby formulated.
1.0.2 This specification is applicable to the design of newly constructed,
reconstructed, expanded highways.
1.0.3 For the highway design, it shall determine the highway function, through
comprehensive analysis, based on regional characteristics, traffic
characteristics, highway network structure. It shall be based on the highway
functions, combining the traffic capacity and terrain conditions, etc., to select
technical grades and main technical indicators.
1.0.4 All classes of highways shall be subject to overall design. The overall
design shall run through all stages of the highway construction project, from the
feasibility study to the construction drawing design; cover all relevant disciplines
of the highway construction project.
1.0.5 For the highway design, it shall be based on highway functions, use tasks,
roles in the highway network, comprehensively consider multiple transportation
modes, such as railways, waterways, aviation, pipelines, etc., as well as the
relationship between highways and cities and towns, farmland planning, to
implement the comprehensive transport development requirements, AND
reasonably demonstrate and determine the route direction and corridor belt.
1.0.6 For the alignment plan, it shall, based on the selected corridor belt AND
the main control points, carry out the layout and overall design, to rationally use
the technical indicators. The feasible alignment plan shall be compared and
selected, to determine the design plan. When different design speeds, technical
indicators or design plans have obvious impacts on operational safety,
engineering cost, natural environment, social and economic benefits, etc.,
THEN, it shall carry out the technical and economic demonstrations, of the
same depth.
1.0.7 For the line position of the alignment, it shall make full investigation on the
engineering geology, hydrogeology, meteorological conditions, natural
disasters, highway construction materials, ecological environment, natural
landscapes, etc., according to the topography and ground conditions. It shall
be selected based on the study of regional climate characteristics, along the
2 Highway classification and class selection
2.1 Highway functions and classification
2.1.1 Highways are classified, according to the traffic functions, into arterial
highways, distribution highways, branch highways. Arterial highways are
divided into primary arterial highways and secondary arterial highways.
Distribution highways are divided into primary distribution highways and
secondary distribution highways.
2.1.2 Highways are classified into five technical classes: expressways, first-
class highways, second-class highways, third-class highways, fourth-class
highways, according to traffic characteristics and ability to control interference.
1 The expressway is a multi-lane highway, exclusively for vehicles to drive in
different directions and lanes, wherein all accesses are controlled. The
designed traffic volume of the expressway should be more than 15000
small passenger cars/day.
2 The first-class highway is a multi-lane highway, where cars can drive in
different directions and lanes, access can be controlled as needed. The
designed traffic volume of the first-class highway should be more than
15000 small passenger cars/day.
3 The second-class highway is...